3 thoughts on “Prawn, who is about the development of Wenzhou’s foreign trade economy in recent years?”
Nathan
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The early start, rapid development, high proportion, and contribution of private economy are important features of Wenzhou’s economy. In recent years, the Party Central Committee and the State Council have made a series of strategic decisions on the development of western development, state -owned enterprises restructuring, and revitalizing the old industrial base of the Northeast. The major decisions and a series of new measures to promote a new leap in the private economy have provided new opportunities and motivations for the development of the private economy in Wenzhou. According to the strategic deployment of the Central and Provincial Party Committee and Provincial Government, the Municipal Party Committee and Municipal Government adhere to the actual situation of Wenzhou, take positive measures, strengthen guidance, services and management, and promote the sustainable and healthy development of the private economy. The relevant situation is reported as follows: . The status and role of the private economy from the situation of Wenzhou L. The private economy is an important force to promote the development of Wenzhou’s productive forces. Before the reform and opening up, Wenzhou’s economic foundation was very weak. For more than 20 years, the economic development of Wenzhou has developed rapidly, with an average annual growth rate of 15 %. The total economic and total fiscal revenue in Zhejiang Province has risen from the fourth and seventh positions of the beginning of the reform and opening up, and rose to the 4th and 7th in the early reform and opening up. The third place is now. In 20 years, Wenzhou has completed the leap from “survival proposition” to “development propositions”, which mainly depends on the development of the private economy. At present, there are 243,000 individual industrial and commercial households in the city and 37,000 private enterprises. %. . The development of the private economy is the fundamental way out to solve employment problems. Wenzhou is the area with the largest population in Zhejiang Province. There are many contradictions in many places, and the employment pressure is very high. In recent years, through the development of the private economy, the effect of “3 million” has been produced, that is, 2 million agricultural labor has been transferred to the town and the second and third industries. Enterprises and business -oriented enterprises across the country. It is worth mentioning that the Wenzhou people who went out have created hundreds of millions of employment opportunities to the local area. Now, Wenzhou’s private enterprises account for more than 80 % of the total number of employees in the city. The reason why Wenzhou does not have the pressure of employment in other cities is mainly due to the development of the private economy. . The development of the private economy is an effective way to achieve common prosperity. From the situation of Wenzhou, implement the “two overall situations” ideas, make some people get rich first, then wealth first, and then gradually realize common prosperity. The most important and most effective way is to develop the private economy. Now, the per capita disposable income of the urban residents in Wenzhou and the per capita net income of rural residents has reached 16,035 yuan and 5548 yuan, respectively. L position and fifth place. At present, the per capita disposable income of urban residents in Wenzhou City and 10 indicators that reflect the living standards of residents are among the best in the country. In recent years, the wealthy Wenzhou people have actively participated in the development of the western region, participated in the construction of old industrial bases in Northeast China, participated in the restructuring of state -owned enterprises in foreign countries, and founded the market across the country. While achieving their own better development, it also promoted the local economy. Prosperity and development. . The development of the private economy is the implementation of people -oriented concepts. Develop a private economy, combine the development of “for people” and “relying on people”, maximize the subjective initiative of people, stimulate people’s development desires, meet people’s material and spiritual needs, and enhance the material and spiritual needs. Wenzhou people’s risk awareness and entrepreneurial consciousness. “Everyone wants to be a boss and everyone competes as the boss, and everyone has entrepreneurial impulse.” This is the power source and vitality source of Wenzhou’s development. Wenzhou can have today’s situation. The most important one is to inspire the enthusiasm of the masses, so that everyone has a strong entrepreneurial impulse. 5. Wenzhou’s development of the private economy also provides beneficial inspiration for other parts of the country. In the past, Wenzhou’s road to develop a private economy was relatively difficult. Not only did they cross the river by touching the stones, sometimes they had to cross the river with a baggage. They had both successful experience and painful lessons. Whether it is experience or lesson, you can take less detours in other places during the development process and reduce costs. Through your own continuous exploration and practice, it is continuously inspired by others, which is also a contribution of Wenzhou. . The new situation of the current development of Wenzhou’s private economy 1. The way of private economic growth is accelerating the transformation of quality types and intensive types. The main performance: First, the development advantage of industrial clusters is more obvious. There are 26 national -brand production bases such as “Chinese Shoes”; 10 key industries such as shoe leather, clothing, and electrical appliances have accounted for three -quarters of the total industrial economy; 8 categories of products in key industries have the national market possession. The rate is above 50 %, and the metal case lighter is as high as 95 %. Second, the scale of enterprises has continued to grow. In the past three years, the number of enterprises above designated size has doubled, and the proportion of enterprise output value has reached more than 45 %. There are more than 180 corporate groups, three of the top 500 Chinese companies, and 36 of the top 500 private enterprises across the country. Third, the atmosphere of corporate technology innovation is becoming stronger. The city’s enterprises have established scientific and technological cooperation relations with more than 1,000 universities and scientific research institutes at home and abroad, with more than 800 private scientific research institutions, 29 provincial enterprise R
Wenzhou has been the most controversial and most legendary area in the country over the years. It has created a miracle of China’s economic miracle of China Reform. Some people say: Where there is a market, there are Wenzhou people, wherever there are Wenzhou products. So far, there are already 166 countries and regions in the world that have Wenzhou exports. Strengthening trade between countries and regions around the world, establishing a diversified foreign trade pattern, and making business all over the world are the goals of Zhejiang Wenzhou enterprises in recent years. It is understood that countries and regions that currently have frequent trade with Wenzhou are Hong Kong, Taiwan, and countries in Hong Kong, Taiwan, and Western Europe, the Americas, the Middle East, and CIS. Especially since last year, Wenzhou’s foreign trade exports have made breakthroughs. Last year, there were Russia, the European Union, the United States, Hungary, Hong Kong, etc. with exports over 100 million US dollars. There are as many as 34. Last year, Wenzhou’s exports to Asia were US $ 460 million, an increase of 80.4 % year -on -year; exports to Africa were US $ 115.1 % year -on -year; exports to Europe were US $ 680 million, a year -on -year increase of 91 %. In the first half of this year, the export situation of Wenzhou’s foreign trade was even more rapid, and exports exceeded US $ 100 million in January alone. There are currently more than 50 foreign companies in Wenzhou. In the next five years, Wenzhou will also allow some advantageous enterprises to carry out processing trade or professional markets overseas according to the characteristics of the industrial development of some countries, and bring Wenzhou’s technology, equipment and services to foreign markets to make up for domestic resources and The market is lack. The acceleration of the process of integration with the global economic integration with China has brought unprecedented opportunities and challenges to Wenzhou’s foreign trade. (2) The market entry method The Way of Enter Market The foreign trade products in Wenzhou mainly entered the international market through several ways, one is through “overseas trade”. There are a large number of overseas Chinese. The market sensitivity and the concept of their homeland are very strong. Many of them have accumulated certain capital in the local area to engage in international trade and lead the business model of Wenzhou to foreign countries. Some have developed into suppliers in large foreign retail markets. For example, in Rome, Italy, there are more than 500 clothing trading companies operated by overseas Chinese in Wenzhou, with annual sales of more than 5 billion US dollars. There is a “Victor” clothing street that is close to the train station. Most of the clothing on this street comes from Wenzhou, China. The UAE, the UAE, Madrid in Madrid, Spain, and Budapest, Hungarian, have a large number of markets and are operated by Wenzhou people. Wenzhou’s foreign trade exports originated from the 1990s. Relying on the advantages of industrial and overseas Chinese, some companies see the international markets and use local overseas Chinese resources to start foreign trade exports. The second way through international OEM processing methods, mainly clothing companies. Many companies have started to make OEMs in the past few years. In recent years, international brands have been joined. Zhuangji, Chinese, French School and other companies have become important domestic brand OEM manufacturers in China. Third, the leading enterprise and international well -known clothing companies cooperate to adopt the international standardized “grafting” of high starting points. With the help of foreign management models, brand operations, marketing networks, and cultural transmission, “springboards”, leap forward international markets. Essence (3) Main Advantage
The foreign trade has a relatively comparative advantage. In the past 20 years, the development of Wenzhou enterprises has formed a highly professional and socialized industrial chain. The biggest competitive advantage in the industrial development process, complete industry chain, meticulous division of labor, and entering the industry cost, can generate low transaction costs, free labor flow, enterprises can easily find technical counterpart talents, information sharing, can reduce waste of resources, compare the comparison of resources, can compare the comparison of resources. Accurately grasping the transformation of market information, the overall development of the industry can attract the attention of the government, and at the same time conducive to industrial development. The regional industrial cluster has enabled Wenzhou foreign trade enterprises to form an advantage of others in information, raw materials, professional talents and industrial workers. (4) The main problem Key PROBLEM
but due to the low starting point, there are many problems in Wenzhou’s foreign trade. It is encountered a “bottleneck” for development. Passive factors such as pure processing and many issues restrict the development of Wenzhou’s foreign trade. The disorderly competition and low, small, and scattered conditions need to be changed, and resources need to be integrated to seek breakthroughs. 1. The “bottleneck” of the land is increasingly prominent. Many industries in Wenzhou are labor -intensive, and Wenzhou land resources are limited. Due to the late start of foreign trade enterprises, after the development of recent years, land acquisition difficulties have made the enterprise small and scattered. Meeting the needs and losing a lot of large foreign trade orders, some companies can only complete about 30%of the total order a year. According to statistics from the Chamber of Commerce, 51.9%of foreign trade orders come from overseas Chinese and 25.9%from domestic trading companies. Trade directly with foreign merchants accounts for only 22.3%. At present, overseas Chinese orders are characterized by low -end and low prices. Foreign trade enterprises are small and medium -sized. The phenomenon of price -compasses is also relatively serious, the product innovation ability is not strong and the management is relatively lagging. Most companies are still in the passive situation of waiting for the list. The company lacks design power. The initiative is completely in the hands of the merchants. With less, companies can only earn cheap processing fees. This situation has formed a low cost of production in Wenzhou production
With the development of the times, the enhancement of human environmental awareness and the international economic integration movement, the entire international trade shows the trend of trade liberalization. As a result, the protection measures in international trade have changed a lot, tariffs have been reduced significantly, and some non -tariff barriers have decreased significantly, but new measures such as technical trade barriers (TBT) are increasing. At present, technical barriers have replaced anti -dumping measures, and have become the largest non -tariff barriers to hinder my country’s export trade development. In order to enable Wenzhou’s economy to continue to stabilize and the healthy development of Wenzhou foreign trade, it is necessary to analyze in -depth technological trade barriers in foreign trade. This article is a review of research on this aspect in recent years.
Back:
The early start, rapid development, high proportion, and contribution of private economy are important features of Wenzhou’s economy. In recent years, the Party Central Committee and the State Council have made a series of strategic decisions on the development of western development, state -owned enterprises restructuring, and revitalizing the old industrial base of the Northeast. The major decisions and a series of new measures to promote a new leap in the private economy have provided new opportunities and motivations for the development of the private economy in Wenzhou. According to the strategic deployment of the Central and Provincial Party Committee and Provincial Government, the Municipal Party Committee and Municipal Government adhere to the actual situation of Wenzhou, take positive measures, strengthen guidance, services and management, and promote the sustainable and healthy development of the private economy. The relevant situation is reported as follows:
. The status and role of the private economy from the situation of Wenzhou
L. The private economy is an important force to promote the development of Wenzhou’s productive forces. Before the reform and opening up, Wenzhou’s economic foundation was very weak. For more than 20 years, the economic development of Wenzhou has developed rapidly, with an average annual growth rate of 15 %. The total economic and total fiscal revenue in Zhejiang Province has risen from the fourth and seventh positions of the beginning of the reform and opening up, and rose to the 4th and 7th in the early reform and opening up. The third place is now. In 20 years, Wenzhou has completed the leap from “survival proposition” to “development propositions”, which mainly depends on the development of the private economy. At present, there are 243,000 individual industrial and commercial households in the city and 37,000 private enterprises. %.
. The development of the private economy is the fundamental way out to solve employment problems. Wenzhou is the area with the largest population in Zhejiang Province. There are many contradictions in many places, and the employment pressure is very high. In recent years, through the development of the private economy, the effect of “3 million” has been produced, that is, 2 million agricultural labor has been transferred to the town and the second and third industries. Enterprises and business -oriented enterprises across the country. It is worth mentioning that the Wenzhou people who went out have created hundreds of millions of employment opportunities to the local area. Now, Wenzhou’s private enterprises account for more than 80 % of the total number of employees in the city. The reason why Wenzhou does not have the pressure of employment in other cities is mainly due to the development of the private economy.
. The development of the private economy is an effective way to achieve common prosperity. From the situation of Wenzhou, implement the “two overall situations” ideas, make some people get rich first, then wealth first, and then gradually realize common prosperity. The most important and most effective way is to develop the private economy. Now, the per capita disposable income of the urban residents in Wenzhou and the per capita net income of rural residents has reached 16,035 yuan and 5548 yuan, respectively. L position and fifth place. At present, the per capita disposable income of urban residents in Wenzhou City and 10 indicators that reflect the living standards of residents are among the best in the country. In recent years, the wealthy Wenzhou people have actively participated in the development of the western region, participated in the construction of old industrial bases in Northeast China, participated in the restructuring of state -owned enterprises in foreign countries, and founded the market across the country. While achieving their own better development, it also promoted the local economy. Prosperity and development.
. The development of the private economy is the implementation of people -oriented concepts. Develop a private economy, combine the development of “for people” and “relying on people”, maximize the subjective initiative of people, stimulate people’s development desires, meet people’s material and spiritual needs, and enhance the material and spiritual needs. Wenzhou people’s risk awareness and entrepreneurial consciousness. “Everyone wants to be a boss and everyone competes as the boss, and everyone has entrepreneurial impulse.” This is the power source and vitality source of Wenzhou’s development. Wenzhou can have today’s situation. The most important one is to inspire the enthusiasm of the masses, so that everyone has a strong entrepreneurial impulse.
5. Wenzhou’s development of the private economy also provides beneficial inspiration for other parts of the country. In the past, Wenzhou’s road to develop a private economy was relatively difficult. Not only did they cross the river by touching the stones, sometimes they had to cross the river with a baggage. They had both successful experience and painful lessons. Whether it is experience or lesson, you can take less detours in other places during the development process and reduce costs. Through your own continuous exploration and practice, it is continuously inspired by others, which is also a contribution of Wenzhou.
. The new situation of the current development of Wenzhou’s private economy
1. The way of private economic growth is accelerating the transformation of quality types and intensive types. The main performance: First, the development advantage of industrial clusters is more obvious. There are 26 national -brand production bases such as “Chinese Shoes”; 10 key industries such as shoe leather, clothing, and electrical appliances have accounted for three -quarters of the total industrial economy; 8 categories of products in key industries have the national market possession. The rate is above 50 %, and the metal case lighter is as high as 95 %. Second, the scale of enterprises has continued to grow. In the past three years, the number of enterprises above designated size has doubled, and the proportion of enterprise output value has reached more than 45 %. There are more than 180 corporate groups, three of the top 500 Chinese companies, and 36 of the top 500 private enterprises across the country. Third, the atmosphere of corporate technology innovation is becoming stronger. The city’s enterprises have established scientific and technological cooperation relations with more than 1,000 universities and scientific research institutes at home and abroad, with more than 800 private scientific research institutions, 29 provincial enterprise R
1) Overview Say all
Wenzhou has been the most controversial and most legendary area in the country over the years. It has created a miracle of China’s economic miracle of China Reform. Some people say: Where there is a market, there are Wenzhou people, wherever there are Wenzhou products. So far, there are already 166 countries and regions in the world that have Wenzhou exports. Strengthening trade between countries and regions around the world, establishing a diversified foreign trade pattern, and making business all over the world are the goals of Zhejiang Wenzhou enterprises in recent years.
It is understood that countries and regions that currently have frequent trade with Wenzhou are Hong Kong, Taiwan, and countries in Hong Kong, Taiwan, and Western Europe, the Americas, the Middle East, and CIS. Especially since last year, Wenzhou’s foreign trade exports have made breakthroughs. Last year, there were Russia, the European Union, the United States, Hungary, Hong Kong, etc. with exports over 100 million US dollars. There are as many as 34. Last year, Wenzhou’s exports to Asia were US $ 460 million, an increase of 80.4 % year -on -year; exports to Africa were US $ 115.1 % year -on -year; exports to Europe were US $ 680 million, a year -on -year increase of 91 %. In the first half of this year, the export situation of Wenzhou’s foreign trade was even more rapid, and exports exceeded US $ 100 million in January alone. There are currently more than 50 foreign companies in Wenzhou. In the next five years, Wenzhou will also allow some advantageous enterprises to carry out processing trade or professional markets overseas according to the characteristics of the industrial development of some countries, and bring Wenzhou’s technology, equipment and services to foreign markets to make up for domestic resources and The market is lack.
The acceleration of the process of integration with the global economic integration with China has brought unprecedented opportunities and challenges to Wenzhou’s foreign trade.
(2) The market entry method The Way of Enter Market
The foreign trade products in Wenzhou mainly entered the international market through several ways, one is through “overseas trade”. There are a large number of overseas Chinese. The market sensitivity and the concept of their homeland are very strong. Many of them have accumulated certain capital in the local area to engage in international trade and lead the business model of Wenzhou to foreign countries. Some have developed into suppliers in large foreign retail markets. For example, in Rome, Italy, there are more than 500 clothing trading companies operated by overseas Chinese in Wenzhou, with annual sales of more than 5 billion US dollars. There is a “Victor” clothing street that is close to the train station. Most of the clothing on this street comes from Wenzhou, China. The UAE, the UAE, Madrid in Madrid, Spain, and Budapest, Hungarian, have a large number of markets and are operated by Wenzhou people. Wenzhou’s foreign trade exports originated from the 1990s. Relying on the advantages of industrial and overseas Chinese, some companies see the international markets and use local overseas Chinese resources to start foreign trade exports.
The second way through international OEM processing methods, mainly clothing companies. Many companies have started to make OEMs in the past few years. In recent years, international brands have been joined. Zhuangji, Chinese, French School and other companies have become important domestic brand OEM manufacturers in China. Third, the leading enterprise and international well -known clothing companies cooperate to adopt the international standardized “grafting” of high starting points. With the help of foreign management models, brand operations, marketing networks, and cultural transmission, “springboards”, leap forward international markets. Essence
(3) Main Advantage
The foreign trade has a relatively comparative advantage. In the past 20 years, the development of Wenzhou enterprises has formed a highly professional and socialized industrial chain. The biggest competitive advantage in the industrial development process, complete industry chain, meticulous division of labor, and entering the industry cost, can generate low transaction costs, free labor flow, enterprises can easily find technical counterpart talents, information sharing, can reduce waste of resources, compare the comparison of resources, can compare the comparison of resources. Accurately grasping the transformation of market information, the overall development of the industry can attract the attention of the government, and at the same time conducive to industrial development. The regional industrial cluster has enabled Wenzhou foreign trade enterprises to form an advantage of others in information, raw materials, professional talents and industrial workers.
(4) The main problem Key PROBLEM
but due to the low starting point, there are many problems in Wenzhou’s foreign trade. It is encountered a “bottleneck” for development. Passive factors such as pure processing and many issues restrict the development of Wenzhou’s foreign trade. The disorderly competition and low, small, and scattered conditions need to be changed, and resources need to be integrated to seek breakthroughs.
1. The “bottleneck” of the land is increasingly prominent. Many industries in Wenzhou are labor -intensive, and Wenzhou land resources are limited. Due to the late start of foreign trade enterprises, after the development of recent years, land acquisition difficulties have made the enterprise small and scattered. Meeting the needs and losing a lot of large foreign trade orders, some companies can only complete about 30%of the total order a year. According to statistics from the Chamber of Commerce, 51.9%of foreign trade orders come from overseas Chinese and 25.9%from domestic trading companies. Trade directly with foreign merchants accounts for only 22.3%. At present, overseas Chinese orders are characterized by low -end and low prices. Foreign trade enterprises are small and medium -sized. The phenomenon of price -compasses is also relatively serious, the product innovation ability is not strong and the management is relatively lagging. Most companies are still in the passive situation of waiting for the list. The company lacks design power. The initiative is completely in the hands of the merchants. With less, companies can only earn cheap processing fees. This situation has formed a low cost of production in Wenzhou production
With the development of the times, the enhancement of human environmental awareness and the international economic integration movement, the entire international trade shows the trend of trade liberalization. As a result, the protection measures in international trade have changed a lot, tariffs have been reduced significantly, and some non -tariff barriers have decreased significantly, but new measures such as technical trade barriers (TBT) are increasing. At present, technical barriers have replaced anti -dumping measures, and have become the largest non -tariff barriers to hinder my country’s export trade development. In order to enable Wenzhou’s economy to continue to stabilize and the healthy development of Wenzhou foreign trade, it is necessary to analyze in -depth technological trade barriers in foreign trade. This article is a review of research on this aspect in recent years.